Penyebab Sembelit pada Anak dan Cara Mengatasinya

Penyebab Sembelit pada Anak dan Cara Mengatasinya
Credits: Freepik

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Sembelit pada anak-anak bisa sesuatu yang normal terjadi. Kebiasaan buang air besar yang normal pada anak juga berbeda-beda sehingga orang tua harus mengenali jadwal buang air besar anak.

Ada anak yang rutin buang air besar setiap hari, ada pula yang harus menunggu 2-3 hari sekali, bahkan lebih. Beberapa bayi yang menyusu ASI misalnya bisa buang air besar hanya sekali dalam seminggu atau justru langsung buang air besar setiap setelah sesi menyusu.

 

Kenali Gejala Sembelit pada Anak

Anak disebut mengalami sembelit bila memiliki beberapa tanda dan gejala berikut:

  • Terlihat tidak nyaman dan kesakitan saat buang air besar
  • Menjadi rewel atau menolak duduk di toilet saat buang air besar
  • Merasakan sakit perut yang datang dan pergi
  • Tidak memiliki nafsu makan yang baik
  • Bergoyang-goyang, merasa gelisah atau menyilangkan kaki seperti berusaha untuk tidak buang air besar
  • Buang air besar di celana

 

Baca Juga: Tak Hanya Kurang Serat, Stres Juga Dapat Menyebabkan Sembelit

 

Penyebab Sembelit pada bayi dan Anak

Sembelit pada anak bisa terasa menyakitkan dan menyebabkan robeknya anus. Anak bisa mengalami sakit dan berdarah saat buang air besar yang terkadang membuat mereka trauma dan menolak buang air besar di toilet.

Sembelit pada anak-anak bisa disebabkan oleh banyak hal tergantung pada usia dan juga pola makan.

Sembelit pada bayi bisa terjadi pada bayi yang minum ASI maupun susu formula atau saat mereka mulai makan makanan pendamping ASI. Bayi ASI yang mengalami sembelit mungkin karena kurangnya porsi ASI yang diminum bayi. Jika bayi minum susu formula, maka Anda perlu memeriksa kembali cara membuat susu atau menambahkan lebih banyak air saat membuat susu.

Demikian pula dengan bayi yang baru saja mengenal makanan padat pertamanya. Bila ia mengalami sembelit, maka Anda perlu menambahkan sedikit cairan dan membuat makanannya lebih encer serta menaikkan kepadatan makanan secara bertahap.

Sembelit pada anak-anak mungkin lebih rumit dibandingkan sembelit pada bayi. Sembelit pada anak-anak bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berikut:

  • Sering menahan buang air besar karena terlalu asyik bermain atau trauma rasa sakit saat buang air besar
  • Kurang mendapatkan asupan serat dari makanan
  • Makan atau minum terlalu sedikit
  • Terlalu banyak minum susu dan tidak mendapatkan makanan padat yang cukup
  • Efek samping obat tertentu misalnya obat batuk
  • Sedang sakit sehingga kehilangan nafsu makan

Sembelit pada balita lebih sering terjadi selama masa toilet training. Orang tua perlu lebih kreatif dalam mengajarkan buang air besar agar anak tidak merasa trauma.

 

Baca Juga: Tips Menyiapkan Anak Toilet Training

 

Mengatasi Sembelit pada Anak

Sembelit pada anak bisa dicegah dan diatasi dengan beberapa hal berikut, di antaranya:

  • Meningkatkan asupan serat pada makanan anak
  • Mengajak anak minum air putih lebih banyak
  • Mengajak anak aktif beraktivitas fisik untuk menstimulasi fungsi usus normal
  • Mengingatkan anak untuk pergi buang air kecil atau buang air besar dan tidak menahannya saat toilet training. Kebiasaan ini juga sekaligus menciptakan rutinitas yang menurunkan risiko sembelit

Pada dasarnya sembelit bukanlah hal yang berbahaya. Tetapi Anda perlu membawa anak ke dokter bila sembelit disertai dengan demam, menolak makan, ada perdarahan saat buang air besar, perut membengkak, penurunan berat badan yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya, rasa sakit parah saat buang air besar, prolaps rektal (adanya bagian usus yang keluar dari anus).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 19:45

Health Direct (2022). Constipation in children. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/constipation-in-children

Mayo Clinic (2021). Constipation in children. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20354242

Raising Children (2020). Constipation. Available from: https://raisingchildren.net.au/babies/health-daily-care/poos-wees-nappies/constipation

 

NHS UK. Bottle feeding challenges. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/start4life/baby/feeding-your-baby/bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding-challenges/constipation-and-bottle-feeding

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1122 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1122
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9461 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9461
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7887 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7887
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10090 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9786
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9890 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9890
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.18msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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